Hydralazine HCI

A to Z Drug Facts

Hydralazine HCI

  Action
  Indications
  Contraindications
  Route/Dosage
  Interactions
  Lab Test Interferences
  Adverse Reactions
  Precautions
Patient Care Considerations
  Administration/Storage
  Assessment/Interventions
  Patient/Family Education


(high-DRAL-uh-zeen HIGH-droe-KLOR-ide)
Apresoline,  Apo-Hydralazine, Novo-Hylazin, Nu-Hydral
Class: Antihypertensive/Vasodilator

 Action Directly relaxes vascular smooth muscle to cause peripheral vasodilation, decreasing arterial BP and peripheral vascular resistance.

 Indications Treatment of essential hypertension (oral form). Treatment of severe essential hypertension (parenteral form). Unlabeled use(s): Reduction of overload in treatment of CHF, severe aortic insufficiency, and after valve replacement.

 Contraindications Coronary artery disease; mitral valvular rheumatic heart disease.

 Route/Dosage

Adjust individually. ADULTS: PO Begin with 10 mg qid for 2 to 4 days; then 25 mg qid for 3 to 5 days; then 50 mg qid (maximum 300 mg/day). IV/IM 20 to 40 mg repeated prn. CHILDREN: PO 0.75 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses initially; increase gradually over 3 to 4 wk to maximum of 7.5 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/day. IV/IM 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg/dose q 4 to 6 hr prn.

 Interactions

Beta-blockers: May increase effect of hydralazine or effect of beta-blockers. NSAIDs: Effects of hydralazine may be decreased.

 Lab Test Interferences None well documented.

 Adverse Reactions

CV: Palpitations; tachycardia; angina pectoris; edema. CNS: Headache; peripheral neuritis with paresthesias, numbness and tingling; dizziness; tremors; depression; disorientation; anxiety. EENT: Lacrimation; conjunctivitis. GI: Anorexia; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; constipation. HEMA: Blood dyscrasias; decreased hemoglobin; decreased RBC; leukopenia; agranulocytosis. OTHER: Hypersensitivity (eg, rash, urticaria, pruritus, fever, chills, arthralgia, eosinophilia); systemic lupus erythematosus.

 Precautions

Pregnancy: Category C. Lactation: Excreted in breast milk. Children: Safety and efficacy have not been established by controlled clinical trials, but there is experience with its use. Lupus erythematosus: Drug may produce clinical picture similar to that with systemic lupus erythematosus (eg, arthralgia, dermatoses, fever, splenomegaly), including glomerulonephritis, when > 50 mg/day is given for long periods. Symptoms usually reverse when drug is discontinued, but treatment may be required. Renal impairment: Use drug with caution in patients with advanced renal damage. Tartrazine sensitivity: Some of these products contain tartrazine, which can cause allergic-type reactions in susceptible individuals, especially those who have aspirin hypersensitivity.


PATIENT CARE CONSIDERATIONS


 Administration/Storage

 Assessment/Interventions

OVERDOSAGE: SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
  Hypotension, tachycardia, headache, flushing, MI, myocardial ischemia, cardiac arrhythmias, profound shock

 Patient/Family Education

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Copyright
© 2003 Facts and Comparisons
David S. Tatro
A to Z Drug Facts